Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable (Beckett)*

Author: Samuel Beckett
Date: 1997
Genre: Essays
Country: USA

The first novel of Samuel Beckett’s mordant and exhilarating midcentury trilogy introduces us to Molloy, who has been mysteriously incarcerated, and who subsequently escapes to go discover the whereabouts of his mother. In the latter part of this curious masterwork, a certain Jacques Moran is deputized by anonymous authorities to search for the aforementioned Molloy. In the trilogy’s second novel, Malone, who might or might not be Molloy himself, addresses us with his ruminations while in the act of dying. The third novel consists of the fragmented monologue–delivered, like the monologues of the previous novels, in a mournful rhetoric that possesses the utmost splendor and beauty–of what might or might not be an armless and legless creature living in an urn outside an eating house. Taken together, these three novels represent the high-water mark of the literary movement we call Modernism. Within their linguistic terrain, where stories are taken up, broken off, and taken up again, where voices rise and crumble and are resurrected, we can discern the essential lineaments of our modern condition, and encounter an awesome vision, tragic yet always compelling and always mysteriously invigorating, of consciousness trapped and struggling inside the boundaries of nature.

Under Milk Wood (Thomas)*

Author: Dylan Thomas
Date: 1954
Genre: Radio Drama, Play
Country: UK

An omniscient narrator invites the audience to listen to the dreams and innermost thoughts of the inhabitants of the fictional small Welsh fishing town, Llareggub, (buggerall spelt backwards).

1,000 Years of Irish Prose (various)*

Author: Various
Date: 1952
Genre: Various
Country: UK

This comprehensive anthology collects the best of Irish prose from the past millennium, from classic folk tales to the best of modern fiction. Highlights include works by James Joyce, Bram Stoker, and Maeve Binchy, as well as lesser-known gems that showcase the breadth and depth of Ireland’s literary heritage.

 

 

Stories of Vladimir Nabokov, The (Nabokov)*

Author: Vladimir Nabokov
Date: 1996
Genre: Short Stories
Country: USA

Written between the 1920s and 1950s, these sixty-five tales–eleven of which have been translated into English for the first time–display all the shades of Nabokov’s imagination. They range from sprightly fables to bittersweet tales of loss, from claustrophobic exercises in horror to a connoisseur’s samplings of the table of human folly. Read as a whole, The Stories of Vladimir Nabokov offers and intoxicating draft of the master’s genius, his devious wit, and his ability to turn language into an instrument of ecstasy.

Adventures of Augie March, The (Bellow)*

Author: Saul Bellow
Date: 1953
Genre: Picaresque Novel, Bildungsroman
Country: USA

An impulsively active, irresistibly charming and resolutely free-spirited man, Augie March leaves his family of poor Jewish immigrants behind and sets off in search of reality, fulfillment, and most importantly, love. During his exultant quest, he latches on to a series of dubious schemes – from stealing books and smuggling immigrants to training a temperamental eagle to hunt lizards – and strong-minded women – from the fiery, eagle-owning Thea Fenchel, to the sneaky and alluring Stella. As Augie travels from the depths of poverty to the peaks of worldly success, he stands as an irresistible, poignant incarnation of the American idea of freedom.

View from the Bridge, A (Miller)*

Author: Arthur Miller
Date: 1955
Genre: Play
Country: USA

The play is set in 1950s America, in an Italian-American neighborhood near the Brooklyn Bridge in New York. It employs a chorus and narrator in the character of Alfieri. Eddie, the tragic protagonist, has an improper love for, and almost an obsession with, Catherine, his wife Beatrice’s orphaned niece, so he does not approve of her courtship of Beatrice’s cousin Rodolpho.

Wise Blood (O’Connor)*

Author: Flannery O’Connor
Date: 1952
Genre: Southern Gothic
Country: USA

The novel concerns a returning World War II veteran who, haunted by a life-long crisis of faith, resolves to form an anti-religious ministry in an eccentric, fictionalized city in the Southern United States after finding his family homestead abandoned without a trace.

Jealousy (Robbe-Grillet)

Author: Alain Robbe-Grillet
Date: 1957
Genre: Nouveau Roman, Avant-Garde
Country: France

This novel is an avant-garde narrative that explores the concept of jealousy through a highly detailed and descriptive narrative. The story unfolds in a tropical banana plantation and is told from the perspective of an unnamed narrator who may or may not be present in the scenes described. The narrative is characterized by repetition and minute observation of details, creating a sense of obsessive jealousy. The story is ambiguous and leaves the reader questioning the reality of the events and the existence of the narrator.

 

I’m Not Stiller (Frisch)

Author: Max Frisch
Date: 1954
Genre: Postmodern
Country: Switzerland

The book is a profound exploration of identity and the human condition, revolving around a man who is arrested upon his return to his home country, Switzerland, after spending time in America. Although he insists he is not the man, Stiller, that everyone believes him to be, his protests are ignored. The story unfolds as he writes in his prison cell, reflecting on his past life and relationships, and grappling with the question of who he truly is. It’s a thought-provoking narrative that challenges conventional notions of selfhood and personal identity.

 

Pedro Páramo (Rulfo)

Author: Juan Rulfo
Date: 1955
Genre:
Country: Mexico

As one enters Juan Rulfo’s legendary novel, one follows a dusty road to a town of death. Time shifts from one consciousness to another in a hypnotic flow of dreams, desires, and memories, a world of ghosts dominated by the figure of Pedro Páramo – lover, overlord, murderer.

Rulfo’s extraordinary mix of sensory images, violent passions, and unfathomable mysteries has been a profound influence on a whole generation of Latin American writers, including Carlos Fuentes, Mario Vargas Llosa, and Gabriel García Márquez. To read Pedro Páramo today is as overwhelming an experience as when it was first published in Mexico back in 1955.

Dharma Bums, The (Sagan)

Author: Jack Kerouac
Date: 1958
Genre:
Country: USA

Two ebullient young men search for Truth the Zen way: from marathon wine-drinking bouts, poetry jam sessions, and “yabyum” in San Francisco’s Bohemia, to solitude in the high Sierras and a vigil atop Desolation Peak in Washington State. Published just a year after On the Road put the Beat Generation on the map, The Dharma Bums is sparked by Kerouac’s expansiveness, humor, and a contagious zest for life.

Bonjour Tristesse (Sagan)

Author: Françoise Sagan
Date: 1954
Genre:
Country: France

The story follows Cécile’s carefree summer with her widowed, womanizing father, which is upended by the arrival of Anne, a sophisticated woman who threatens to disrupt their hedonistic lifestyle, prompting Cécile to orchestrate a plan with tragic results. The novel is known for its exploration of youthful selfishness, guilt, and the complexities of family dynamics, set against a backdrop of sun-drenched luxury.

Childhood’s End (Clarke)

Author: Arthur C. Clarke
Date: 1953
Genre: Science Fiction
Country: UK

The story follows a peaceful alien invasion of Earth by mysterious Overlords, whose arrival begins decades of apparent utopia under indirect alien rule, at the cost of human identity and culture.

 

Delta of Venus (Nin)

Author: Anaïs Nin
Date: 1954
Genre: Short Stories, Erotica
Country: USA

In Delta of Venus Anaïs Nin conjures up a glittering cascade of sexual encounters. Creating her own ‘language of the senses’, she explores an area that was previously the domain of male writers and brings to it her own unique perceptions. Her vibrant and impassioned prose evokes the essence of female sexuality in a world where only love has meaning.

 

Lucky Jim (Amis)

Author: Kingsley Amis
Date: 1954
Genre: Bildungsroman
Country: USA

Jim Dixon has accidentally fallen into a job at one of Britain’s new red brick universities. A moderately successful future in the History Department beckons. As long as Jim can survive a madrigal-singing weekend at Professor Welch’s, deliver a lecture on ‘Merrie England’ and resist Christine, the hopelessly desirable girlfriend of Welch’s awful son Bertrand.

 

Giovanni’s Room (Baldwin)

Author: James Baldwin
Date: 1956
Genre:
Country: USA

Considered an ‘audacious’ second novel, Giovanni’s Room is set in the 1950s Paris of American expatriates, liaisons, and violence. This now-classic story of a fated love triangle explores, with uncompromising clarity, the conflicts between desire, conventional morality and sexual identity.

 

Go Tell it on the Mountain (Baldwin)

Author: James Baldwin
Date: 1953
Genre: Semi-Autobiography
Country: USA

“Nothing but the darkness, and all around them destruction, and before them nothing but the fire–a bastard people, far from God, singing and crying in the wilderness!” First published in 1953, Baldwin’s first novel is a short but intense, semi-autobiographical exploration of the troubled life of the Grimes family in Harlem during the Depression.

 

Night (Wiesel)

Author: Elie Wiesel
Date: 1956
Genre: Memoir
Country: Argentina

Born into a Jewish ghetto in Hungary, as a child, Elie Wiesel was sent to the Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald. This is his account of that atrocity: the ever-increasing horrors he endured, the loss of his family and his struggle to survive in a world that stripped him of humanity, dignity and faith. Describing in simple terms the tragic murder of a people from a survivor’s perspective, Night is among the most personal, intimate and poignant of all accounts of the Holocaust. A compelling consideration of the darkest side of human nature and the enduring power of hope, it remains one of the most important works of the twentieth century.

 

Naked Lunch (Burroughs)*

Author: William S. Burroughs
Date: 1959
Genre: Science Fiction, Surrealism
Country: France

A cultural landmark and the most shocking novel in the English language, Naked Lunch is an exhilarating ride into the darkest recesses of the human psyche. An unnerving tale of an addict unmoored in New York, Tangier, and ultimately a nightmarish wasteland known as Interzone, Naked Lunch‘s formal innovation, formerly taboo subject matter, and tour de force execution has exerted its influence authors like Thomas Pynchon and J. G. Ballard; on the relationship of art and obscenity; and on the shape of music, film, and media in general.

 

Speak, Memory (Nabokov)

Author: Vladimir Nabokov
Date: 1951
Genre: Memoir, Essays
Country: USA

‘Speak, memory’, said Vladimir Nabokov. And immediately there came flooding back to him a host of enchanting recollections – of his comfortable childhood and adolescence, of his rich, liberal-minded father, his beautiful mother, an army of relations and family hangers-on and of grand old houses in St Petersburg and the surrounding countryside in pre-Revolutionary Russia. Young love, butterflies, tutors and a multitude of other themes thread together to weave an autobiography, which is itself a work of art.

 

Pnin (Nabokov)

Author: Vladimir Nabokov
Date: 1957
Genre:
Country: USA

Professor Timofey Pnin, previously of Tsarist Russia, is now precariously positioned at the heart of campus America. Battling with American life and language, Pnin must face great hazards in this new world: the ruination of his beautiful lumber-room-as-office; the removal of his teeth and the fitting of new ones; the search for a suitable boarding-house; and the trials of taking the wrong train.

 

Recognitions, The (Gaddis)

Author: William Gaddis
Date: 1955
Genre: Postmodern
Country: UK

The Recognitions follows Wyatt Gwyon, a talented painter who turns to forging 15th-century Flemish masters in New York City after failing to find artistic authenticity. Amid a satirical backdrop of a shallow, modern art world, Wyatt deals with a shady dealer (Recktall Brown), moral decay, and his own disillusionment before fleeing to Spain to seek true artistic and personal integrity.

 

Haunting of Hill House, The (Jackson)

Author: Shirley Jackson
Date: 1959
Genre: Gothic, Psychological Horror
Country: USA

First published in 1959, Shirley Jackson’s The Haunting of Hill House has been hailed as a perfect work of unnerving terror. It is the story of four seekers who arrive at a notoriously unfriendly pile called Hill House: Dr. Montague, an occult scholar looking for solid evidence of a “haunting”; Theodora, his lighthearted assistant; Eleanor, a friendless, fragile young woman well acquainted with poltergeists; and Luke, the future heir of Hill House. At first, their stay seems destined to be merely a spooky encounter with inexplicable phenomena. But Hill House is gathering its powers—and soon it will choose one of them to make its own.

 

Fall, The (Camus)

Author: Albert Camus
Date: 1956
Genre: Philosophical novel
Country: France

Jean-Baptiste Clamence is a soul in turmoil. Over several drunken nights in an Amsterdam bar, he regales a chance acquaintance with his story. From this successful former lawyer and seemingly model citizen a compelling, self-loathing catalogue of guilt, hypocrisy and alienation pours forth.

 

Mandarins, The (Beauvoir)

Author: Simone de Beauvoir
Date: 1954
Genre: 
Country: France

In her most famous novel, Simone de Beauvoir does not flinch in her look at Parisian intellectual society at the end of the Second World War. Drawing on those who surrounded her—Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Arthur Koestler—and her passionate love affair with Nelson Algren, Beauvoir dissects the emotional and philosophical currents of her time. At once an engrossing drama and an intriguing political tale, The Mandarins is the emotional odyssey of a woman torn between her inner desire and her public life.

 

Giovanni’s Room (Baldwin)

Author: James Baldwin
Date: 1956
Genre: LGBTQ+
Country: USA

Baldwin’s haunting and controversial second novel is his most sustained treatment of sexuality, and a classic of gay literature. In a 1950s Paris swarming with expatriates and characterized by dangerous liaisons and hidden violence, an American finds himself unable to repress his impulses, despite his determination to live the conventional life he envisions for himself. After meeting and proposing to a young woman, he falls into a lengthy affair with an Italian bartender and is confounded and tortured by his sexual identity as he oscillates between the two.

 

Waiting for Godot (Beckett)

Original Title: En attendant Godot
Author:
Samuel Beckett
Date: 1952
Genre: Play, Tragicomedy, Existentialism
Country: France/UK

“Waiting for Godot” is a play that explores themes of existentialism, despair, and the human condition through the story of two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, who wait endlessly for a man named Godot, who never arrives. While they wait, they engage in a variety of discussions and encounter three other characters. The play is characterized by its minimalistic setting and lack of a traditional plot, leaving much to interpretation.

 

Things Fall Apart (Achebe)*

Author: Chinua Achebe
Date: 1958
Genre: Historical
Country: UK

This novel explores the life of Okonkwo, a respected warrior in the Umuofia clan of the Igbo tribe in Nigeria during the late 1800s. Okonkwo’s world is disrupted by the arrival of European missionaries and the subsequent clash of cultures. The story examines the effects of colonialism on African societies, the clash between tradition and change, and the struggle between individual and society. Despite his efforts to resist the changes, Okonkwo’s life, like his society, falls apart.